tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12862759482378164232024-03-14T00:54:53.997-07:00Magda's Salonsewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-32126650776391407552014-05-19T01:16:00.001-07:002014-05-19T01:16:33.555-07:00Drawers planI think my first project will be a pair of drawers, while I am planning a pair of pants to go with this outfit I do like a layer between me and my outer clothing so I think a pair of linen drawers should work. Nothing fancy just plain linen flat felled with red silk thread. If I have time and inspiration I could embroider the cuff<br />
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I'm thinking something like this, most likely shorter in the leg<br />
<img src="http://katerina.purplefiles.net/DOCO/pics/Dress%20drawers.jpg" /><br />
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based on a pattern from Janet Arnold's pattern of fashion 4 pg 106<br />
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Pic once my camera chargessewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-91238176782087528052014-05-18T22:50:00.000-07:002014-05-18T22:50:45.138-07:00IRCC 2014Realm of Venus is holding their costume challenge and once again I am going to enter. This year's outfit will be very different form what I have entered in the past and while it may not be something that will place me in the top three it will be something I hope to get my sewing mojo going again.<br />
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My inspiration for the underwear layer<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhstn0FnP_G6eAf_ERg3ka5ayLAKDKwuAJJR3QbqxSazksAo1DalnasUyhDUCSh8EMAO4n7P51m3rZnwe2JbHr_JkpUeqylajgyNkKYEZCBRCJrT9jykXnTcRHyykpnbhdpas6XVNUXWGXR/s1600/149604018842691942_lYIiSCcH_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhstn0FnP_G6eAf_ERg3ka5ayLAKDKwuAJJR3QbqxSazksAo1DalnasUyhDUCSh8EMAO4n7P51m3rZnwe2JbHr_JkpUeqylajgyNkKYEZCBRCJrT9jykXnTcRHyykpnbhdpas6XVNUXWGXR/s1600/149604018842691942_lYIiSCcH_b.jpg" height="320" width="177" /></a></div>
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And my inspiration for the main outfit</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQE0w0qg0jY939OU1idvRw5_vnoqdOcqFNWUJMW59Fm9g_tJ3jDcyunwS7IImcwEeXBJbBQrWSLCGIT1kLD0oDBQpNVqftE0JBtm1qrOsahY3a0tvYnbhpGpyRrgc0N2hjQn9YIW5BWJR/s1600/newvecellio9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQE0w0qg0jY939OU1idvRw5_vnoqdOcqFNWUJMW59Fm9g_tJ3jDcyunwS7IImcwEeXBJbBQrWSLCGIT1kLD0oDBQpNVqftE0JBtm1qrOsahY3a0tvYnbhpGpyRrgc0N2hjQn9YIW5BWJR/s1600/newvecellio9.jpg" height="320" width="200" /></a></div>
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I've never made a ladies doublet so that could be challenging</div>
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I hope to post my plans within the next week then jump into work on the 1st</div>
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<br />sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-1646830887961352822013-09-03T18:00:00.002-07:002013-09-03T18:00:22.288-07:00terza rima<br />
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OK just playing around today to kill some time, I thought I would try my hand at a terza rima which is a style of poetry that Veronica franco was fond of:<br /><br />Lo my lord no more words! to deeds to actions!<br />Waste not one more line, not one more syllable<br />No odes to beauty to gain my attention<br /><br />If it is love or lust you feel, be sinful<br />Attract with a touch and be rewarded<br />desire is not a time to be sensible<br /><br />I can see it in your eyes you are tempted<br />to slip between the saintly and the bawdy<br />wishes to bend and entwine and be knotted<br /><br />If you like I will say that you challenged me<br />And like a maid did try to resist thy chains<br />by your skill alone I am yours loyally<br /><br />My part is played now yours is all that remains<br />Come here and full of most wicked desire<br />together we shall feel fire within our veins</div>
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sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-44006739933806395172013-09-03T17:59:00.001-07:002013-09-03T17:59:50.505-07:00an attempt at a letter in persona<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">My dearest English lord,</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">It has been so long since you graced me with your loving glances and passionate words. Must I wait until the thaw to feel your arms around me again? Like Persephone I find myself dwelling in darkness longing for the spring to bring joy and light back into my world. Give me hope with promises you will find your way home to me. This winter has been too cruel, the void in my heart that only you can fill has brought a chill I cannot escape. I hold the memories of your laughter, wit and charm as they are the only things to bring a smile to my lips. I know our parting was not ideal and we found ourselves more married then lovers, but even then they are moments I cherish. The fire in my heart still burns for you, my nights are lonely and my thoughts are often of you. At the slightest word you would find me a slave to our love. As coy and wild as Artemis, As passionate as Aphrodite and as completely yours as the echos of my heart remind me that I am. With a word I would play the part of your dreams, cold and distant goddess, pliable maiden, wanton lover, obedient servant. Such roles are empty without you. Tell me you still think of me, that this pain is not just mine alone to bear. Be kind to me, do not have me wait for your reply to long.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Yours, body, heart and soul</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Magdalena Lucia Ramberti</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">This 29th day of December</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">In Venice</span>sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-20415345534009221482013-08-05T01:21:00.003-07:002013-08-05T01:29:05.042-07:00reliquaryAs a side project I have been working on a portable personal shrine to my persona's patron saint.<br />
Reliquaries held relics of religious significance. Being a good Italian woman living in Venice in all likelihood I would be Catholic. Being a courtesan I would be classed as a fallen woman an there were many laws limiting when I could attend church and where I could sit. Being devote I would still do my prayers and appeal to the saints. The patron saint of fallen women is Mary Magdalene.<br />
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Reliquaries were often very ornate<br />
<img src="http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/jpegs/192.54.1.jpg" /><br />
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I was able to get a 3rd class relic which means an item (often cloth) that had been in contact with a 1st or second class relic<span style="background-color: white;">. A<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-center;"> First Class Relic is the body or a portion of the body of a Saint (bone, flesh, or hair). These are considered so precious that they are rarely entrusted to individuals, but are placed in Faith Communities. The Second Class Relic is an item or piece of an item used by the Saint while on the body (clothing, Bible, Breviary, Mass vestments, and so on). Again, Second Class Relics are considered so precious that they are rarely entrusted to individuals, but are placed in Faith Communities. Third Class Relics typically fall into 2 categories. The first category is a piece of cloth touched to a First or Second Class Relic of the Saint. The second category, in cases where there is no known existing relic of a saint, the cloth has been touched to the shrine of the saint. Generally, the Third Class Relic is a piece of cloth, but it need not be, as long as the item so touched conveys Holiness and is touched with the intent that it be a Third Class Relic.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-center;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">My third class relic is a piece of the cloth that carried Mary Magdalene's bones when they were on tour in the US. </span></div>
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<img height="320" src="https://sphotos-a-dfw.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/993932_10151774201363120_739156779_n.jpg" width="240" /> <img height="320" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/1002845_10151774201273120_413741609_n.jpg" width="240" /></div>
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I decided to display this relic within a very gothic looking shadow box</div>
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<img src="https://sphotos-a-dfw.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/45757_10151774242273120_459565429_n.jpg" /></div>
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I was gifted a beautiful rosary that I have draped around the box.</div>
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I have plans to also create a triptych, which is a style panel painting</div>
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<img height="229" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Lambert_Lombard_-_Triptych_-_WGA13360.jpg" width="320" /></div>
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also a walk able labyrinth</div>
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<img height="311" src="http://www.unitync.net/images/labyrinth1.jpg" width="320" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: xx-small; text-align: -webkit-center;">The pattern of Chartres labyrinth , labyrinths were used for meditation and </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: x-small;">contemplation</span></div>
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sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-6137251530869339942013-07-07T22:57:00.001-07:002013-07-07T22:57:22.249-07:00Pocket is finished<img src="https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash4/1005598_10151724500678120_302178757_n.jpg" />sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-53857903202459033732013-07-02T20:41:00.001-07:002013-07-02T20:41:33.931-07:00embroidered pocket!<img src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/1012167_10151716572153120_446100900_n.jpg" /><br />
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all that is left is the sewing on the ties!!sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-29929383831359565882013-07-02T00:00:00.003-07:002013-07-02T00:00:51.242-07:002nd pocketcurrently working on an embroidered pocket.<br />
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<img src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/1044556_10151714320448120_235520119_n.jpg" /><br />
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I'm using silk thread on linen. The embroidery pattern is based on the embroidery found on a pair of drawers mentioned in "Dressed (or Undressed) for success" by Carol Tucker, while interviewing Margaret Rosenthal, itis mentioned<span style="background-color: white;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">"how courtesans wore male-style clothing as undergarments - such as linen knickers, embroidered with phrases such as "I want the heart."</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSmpZGijgWBQttwsuWhNwsYRcr43IutXG_8ilCrA9582u0-sCQ1nwsKQk2gd5uTIfMtU6Edyb7LS1WjH3quw2aGh9u6fhIEeuE_8u49r145_zLgn1E1TRNQww9xrljk61OyP-JC7mhLlw5/s599/PratoDrawers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSmpZGijgWBQttwsuWhNwsYRcr43IutXG_8ilCrA9582u0-sCQ1nwsKQk2gd5uTIfMtU6Edyb7LS1WjH3quw2aGh9u6fhIEeuE_8u49r145_zLgn1E1TRNQww9xrljk61OyP-JC7mhLlw5/s320/PratoDrawers.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Drawers found in <i style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-size: large;">Moda a Firenze</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSxBR31m2q-WuQr5jpJTcEJ0IZsBF2Z0_ZH4uD9J0KE9J3rVSbiG4BICdqOPOVo__7ycJblXmfCvbbmwNUkrCYph_lgz4W-pqcMIQuNvDtTESES9XYtImizukMWoKWh_oLlej7D_M0afd/s1288/Voglio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSxBR31m2q-WuQr5jpJTcEJ0IZsBF2Z0_ZH4uD9J0KE9J3rVSbiG4BICdqOPOVo__7ycJblXmfCvbbmwNUkrCYph_lgz4W-pqcMIQuNvDtTESES9XYtImizukMWoKWh_oLlej7D_M0afd/s320/Voglio.jpg" width="306" /></a></div>
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a drawing of the embroiery by<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma;">© Claudette Pomroy 2008</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span>sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-77423378145558539632013-07-01T22:38:00.003-07:002013-07-01T22:38:59.482-07:00Italian Renaissance Costuming ChallengeFor the last 3 years the <a href="http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/" target="_blank">realm of venus</a>, which is an incredible resource for costuming, has held a costuming challenge. We are in the middle of the 3rd annual challenge and I am busy sewing for it.<br />
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for those interested here are links to the challenge and pictures of my finished gowns<br />
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<img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu7YGmrTscg_raDSzGKDqaIrUY3NQ9wNs7xR0rXLdHHF_T6HKebn85xJKto_fDL97-x9oTzHf16iuTydnnS3oGh62DsIyp_ej_oaem1meRuieAeBJU9VrAfzvVr8xfJOA9I9um55O4eELk/s320/rosary.jpg" width="190" /></div>
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<a href="http://renaissanceitaly.net/TempFiles/ItalRenCostumingChallenge-Finalists.htm" target="_blank">year 1</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27GJOYNxp-mv6tDOjIuEUIfXHJQaz1uSMY-BE9pBPAArXrhwiFHxAr463B0H7bmpJweWAUoeBZhedtNaCVnqQNAQmvWfRUBnW-eeifBfolfr_6n67sqHVwV0y0NfowxkHmr1moFVdTqmR/s1600/muff.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27GJOYNxp-mv6tDOjIuEUIfXHJQaz1uSMY-BE9pBPAArXrhwiFHxAr463B0H7bmpJweWAUoeBZhedtNaCVnqQNAQmvWfRUBnW-eeifBfolfr_6n67sqHVwV0y0NfowxkHmr1moFVdTqmR/s320/muff.JPG" width="213" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/challenges/IRCC2012/IRCC-II-2012-Finalists.htm" target="_blank">year 2</a></div>
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I was also very privileged to be featured in the <a href="http://www.denverpost.com/lifestyles/ci_18799385" target="_blank">Denver Post</a> during the first year challenge</div>
<br />sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-10825099165100994932013-07-01T22:26:00.000-07:002013-07-01T22:26:07.669-07:00an earlier class handout<div align="CENTER" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Courtesans </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Magdalena Lucia
Ramberti </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">I. What is a
Courtesan?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Courtesans
were not looked at as women nor were they as valued as men, instead
they found </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">themselves
in a grouping of their own. Within the male dominated society of 16th
century Venice </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">courtesans
were able to move outside the confines of the believed place reserved
for women. “The </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">use
of the term cortigiana (courtesan) confirms the recognition of a new
category of public women. </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Strictly
speaking, of course, it simply means court lady- the female
counterpart of cortigiano or </span>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">courtier.”
(Brown, 2004)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Courtesans,
came into being because of many social, political and religious
influences. Italy proved to be the perfect breeding ground for their
creation. The separate governing bodies, the lack of an overall
monarch and the melting pot of cultures caused by trade opened the
doors for this new class of women. Venice, being my main focus of
study, had all of these factors and more. The dowry wars had grown to
such an extreme that the price to be married became outrageous and
out of reach for many middle and lower middle class women. Without
marriage, income was limited, status difficult to come by and some
women learned to use their minds and bodies for financial gain.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="" name="hotword10"></a><a href="" name="hotword9"></a><a href="" name="hotword8"></a><a href="" name="hotword7"></a><a href="" name="hotword6"></a><a href="" name="hotword5"></a><a href="" name="hotword4"></a><a href="" name="hotword3"></a><a href="" name="hotword2"></a><a href="" name="hotword1"></a><a href="" name="hotword"></a>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Yes, this sounds
exactly like prostitution “the
act or practice of engaging in sexual intercourse for money.”
(Prostitution, 2012) Yet it was more then just sex, while it might be
a tool in their toolbox it wasn't always a part of a working
relationship. Courtesans offered social and intellectual refinement
in return for patronage, very much in the same manner as the
geisha before World War II in Japan. The </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">courtesan
fulfilled societies need for a refined yet sexualized version of the
noblewoman. Like her male counterpart the courtier, a courtesan had
to be educated in playing music, singing, writing poetry, all the
courtly graces, dancing, chess playing, current events, the classics
and witty banter. This education and the fact she was also paid for
these skills separate her from the lower classes of prostitutes. From
the lowest class, the meretrice, picture a streetwalker type, to the
cortigiana di lume (courtesan of the lamp) who worked in inn houses
and brothels. Both solely dependent on selling sexual favors for
their income. The cortigiana onesta (honest courtesan or honored
courtesan) sold her intellectual and literary skills thus earned her
income “honestly”. Cortigiana onesta never really dismiss the
sexual aspects of their profession but it is far from the focus of
it. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> In same vein they
were not classified as noblewomen, it was rare for a noblewoman to be
educated beyond the basics. Rosenthal (1992) says of noblewomen,
“Their education consisted of elementary reading and writing in the
vernacular, rudimentary arithmetic, and also handiwork, such as
embroidery and weaving.” For noblewomen it was also believed that
“Woman’s voice lead to sexual temptation; eloquence in a woman
lead to promiscuity.” (Masson, 1975) This belief most likely had
ties to the first temptation of Adam in Eden, thus creating a society
that felt the need to protect it's noblewomen from further education
and sheltering them from perceived threats of corruption from
outsiders. Libraries were closed to women as a whole but courtesans
were seen as intellects and were granted access. Courtesans were able
to afford many luxuries and dressed accordingly.</span></div>
<ol start="2" type="I">
<li><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Identifying a
Courtesan.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Imagine
you are a male tourist in 16th century Venice; you have traveled here
for business or a </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">pilgrimage,
and you have high hopes of seeing one of the honest courtesans Venice
is so well known </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">for.
As you walk the canals you come upon a woman; she is lavishly dressed
, obviously a woman of </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">money.
Since courtesans dressed in a similar manner to a noblewoman, how
would you know if this </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">woman
was a courtesan or the doge's wife? The difference between the
noblewoman and courtesan </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">of
the 16th century were not often easy to spot with the eyes. Unless
the courtesan was openly </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">advertising
her presence, which could be very dangerous as they were often a
target of violence, </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">she
would often dress like a noblewoman. This caused many issues, making
a senator in 1564 state:</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> “The
prostitutes in this city of ours have so excessively increased in
number, and having cast aside all modesty and shame, they publicly
frequent the streets, churches, and other places, adorned and
dressed so handsomely that often our noblewomen and our citizens are
dressed in much the same way, so that not only foreigners but local
people as well are unable to tell the good from the bad, thus
setting a bad and most pernicious example for those who cross their
paths and see them, in view of the many advantages enjoyed by such
persons of a low and abject standing.” (Barzaghi, 1980)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">This
lead to the passing of sumptuary laws which were difficult to enforce
and easily side stepped by bribery or paying a fine on the off chance
they were caught. These laws tried to prevent prostitutes and
courtesans alike from wearing silk, gold, silver, pearls, jewels-
real or fake, and earrings. Sometimes the laws were written in such a
way that they only referred to prostitutes giving courtesans a
loophole as their profession was considered much more dignified. When
the laws restricting what a could wear failed there was an “attempt
to have courtesans identify themselves by require the wearing of a
yellow veil.”(Robin, Lawson & Levin, 2007) Again this was
easily side stepped by paying a fine. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> So
how would a courtesan advertise themselves? Often it came down to
subtle signals and word of mouth. While it would be logical to think
they would wear taller chopines, have longer trains or more lavish
dress, this was not always reliable as Noblewomen tried to draw the
eye in the same manner. The only sign I can trace is a move I have
coined as the “courtesan peak”. Women when outdoors often wore
veils that covered their faces, thus giving them protection not only
from the sun but also gave them anonymity thus protecting them from
them tempting influences. Yet we see time and time again drawings
showing some women lifting and peaking out from under their veils.
How provocative this might have been for a gentleman on the street, a
touch forbidden, all the while revealing herself to be a courtesan in
a subtle manner.</span></div>
<br />
<ol start="3" type="I">
<li><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">The drawbacks</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> While
it may seem that courtesans led a charmed life, it was not without
it's drawbacks. Courtesans like the male counterpart the courtier
sought political and social advancement within the feudal system
during the renaissance, thus facing them off to battle for the
attentions of the same patrons. This made courtesans a target to
their male counterpart, who wrote nasty satire about courtesans,
endangering their reputations and thus their livelihoods. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Violence
against courtesans could come in many forms, a jealous lover, a
refused man, those who believed she was immoral and need to be
punished just to name a few. One of the most shocking and distasteful
violent acts dolled out upon a courtesan would be a tentuno
(thirty-one) a gang rape that would then have the details of the
attack spread around the court. Besides the physical nature of the
attack, it also served to humiliate and increase the chance to
contract a venereal disease</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> The
noblewoman had no power over her own social advancement, whereas the
courtesan had more freedom. Before a noblewoman married, her life and
money were governed by her father or </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">brothers.
Once married, all her property transferred to her husband. “From
about 1100, the position </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">of
property-holding males was enhanced further. Inheritance was confined
to the male, or agnate line- with depressing consequences for women.”
(Jones & Rosenthal, 1998) During the renaissance, a person was
born and died in the same social class, there was very little
movement nor was such movement expected. Courtesans were able to
rise from the lower middle classes up into the aristocracy. The
Courtesan made enough money to advance her class status and because
she was outside of the bonds of </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">marriage
she could manage her own money. In response sumptuary laws were
passed in attempts </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">to
recreate the social boundaries. Such laws were easily overcome as
they were often not enforced. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">In
order to move into such circles an up and comer needed to be able to
participate in social </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">networking.
The women of respectful families found themselves shut away from the
world around </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">them.
Women found themselves to be “assigned to subordinate positions in
the household and the </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">church,
they were barred from significant participation in public life.”
(Jones & Rosenthal, 1998) If you look at the design of homes in
Venice you will discover often they contained amazing gardens that
could only be entered by going through the house. This way the women
and daughters of noble families could enjoy the outdoors without
exposing them to the corrupting forces of the outside world. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Courtesans,
on the other hand, depended on social networking. One of their key
roles was to set up social exchanges for their clients to not only
advance the clients standings but also themselves. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Courtesans
were able to exert a significant amount of control over their own
person. “Women possessed virtually no political power of their
own, owing to an </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">oligarchy
dominated by men, and the laws passed by men reveal not only a class
bias but a special </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">arrogance
towards women” (Rosenthal, 1992). Whereas a woman had no control
over whom they would marry, courtesans</span> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 200%;">could
pick and choose their clientele. If a courtesan wished she could use
the wealth she had </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 200%;">amassed
and had control over to choose her own husband. If marriage was not
something she</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">wished
to invest her time into she could invest her own money and live quite
happily on her own </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">wealth.
As a true mistress of her own house a courtesan made all the
decisions of her own home </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">and
she was subject to no man's whim unless that of her own choosing. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">While
the noblewoman did lead the rich life of the upper crust, it is the
ability to be so educated and </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">being
able to move within the class structure which makes the courtesan a
fascinating </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">subject.
There is much a modern woman can learn from the women of the past.
Whereas the </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">noblewoman
was the glue that held her household together; the courtesan was
truly the first </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">feminist
voice in a male dominated society. New documents are being found
every day and as </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">scholars
and translators decipher these documents our knowledge of these
enigmatic women can </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">only
grow. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div align="CENTER" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">References </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Brown,
P.F. (2004). Private Lives in Renaissance Venice. New Haven:Yale
University Press </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Barzaghi,
A.(1980) Donne o courtigiane?. Verona: Bertani</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: black;">de
Heere, L. (Artist). (1584). Théâtre de tous les peuples nations et
de la terre et avec leurs ornemens diverse habits: Venetian
courtesan. [Drawing]. Retrieved from
http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/000/794/288/BHSL-HS-2466_2009_0001_AC.pdf</span>
</span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Jones,
A.R. & Rosenthal, M.F. (1998). Veronica Franco: Poems and
Selected Letters. Chicago: The University of Chicago. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Masson,
G. (1975). Courtesans of the Italian Renaissance. London: Martin
Secker & Warburg Limited</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">prostitution.
(n.d.). Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law. Retrieved May 09, 2012,
from Dictionary.com website:
</span></span><a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/prostitution"><span style="color: #116699;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/prostitution</u></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Robin,
D.M., Larsen, A., & Levin, C.(2007). Encyclopedia of Women in
the Renaissance: Italy, and England. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Rosenthal,
M.(1992). The Honest Courtesan: Veronica Franco, Citizen and Writer
in Sixteenth Century Venice. Chicago: The University of Chicago. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Rosenthal,
M, & Jones, A.R. (2008). The Clothing of the Renaissance World:
Europe,</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> Asia,
Africa, The Americas; Cesare Vecellio's Habiti Antichi et Moderni.
London: Thames & Hudson. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">unknown.
(Artist). (1575). Mores italiae: A venetian courtesan (dressed as a
widow) [Drawing]. Retrieved from
</span><a href="http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/wardrobe/MoresItaliae1.jpg">http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/wardrobe/MoresItaliae1.jpg</a></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">unknown.
(Artist). (1595). Album amicorum of a german soldier: Venetian
courtesan. [Drawing]. Retrieved from
http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/wardrobe/ManuVen5.JPG </span>
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: black;">Vecellio,
C. (Artist). (1585). De gli habiti antichi et moderni di diverse
parti del mondo: Venetian courtesan outdoors. [Drawing]. Retrieved
from
http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/wardrobe/Vecellio15.jpg</span>
</span>
</div>
sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-30066940330709251332013-07-01T21:44:00.001-07:002013-07-01T22:15:19.820-07:00 Renaissance Pocket (work in progress)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 200%;">Renaissance Pocket</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Magdalena Lucia Ramberti<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Christa Gordon<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Caerthe</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
Background:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
I started
out this project with a need to keep my personal items safe and wondering if
their might be a solution that would not take away from the more authentic look
I was going for in my clothing. I looked for several ideas and came across tie
on pockets. It was ingenious and simple. All the existing pockets I found were
all dated just out of period and then I found a Bolso also known as Faltriquera,
or Spanish pocket dated 1575-1600 just within period at Museo del Traje or
Museum of costume in Madrid.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPDuGFyXF7yv5YbKo2GCPfYwG9nZXecwUY_X5RjkgVrpINhIwO7H7ZmPZQoEL1fO_tMnNX1rfe635usFIcnkMQFO_CtIqqgA8JBVcD2CvJlAPFifsdvr1xKVGNUSG9QQQM_L5ClyE785aS/s391/bolso.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPDuGFyXF7yv5YbKo2GCPfYwG9nZXecwUY_X5RjkgVrpINhIwO7H7ZmPZQoEL1fO_tMnNX1rfe635usFIcnkMQFO_CtIqqgA8JBVcD2CvJlAPFifsdvr1xKVGNUSG9QQQM_L5ClyE785aS/s320/bolso.jpg" width="286" /></a></div>
<span style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"> It had the
same shape as the tie on pockets except it was missing a method to tie it on.
This example is silk satin with couched metal threads.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="150"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
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</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
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I kept looking and came across Saccoccia, or Italian
pockets. I could not find any existing pockets but I did find evidence in
paintings and frescos. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
A fresco called <i>The Maiden's
Quarter</i> by Alessandro Allori dated 1588<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrHQARy4bLxHwSv0KnZhdojcN4hDI5jqykLLuVojhly7b1nn3PbxAhSIkvvuXZT_5y2a_HDxPuDBjZNnoF12Lk9XORH9rEGug1Inf8Te1Oiim_mnIoO1Bvzs5Fynd_iV-nXjVY-bu6bio/s800/alloripitti1589a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrHQARy4bLxHwSv0KnZhdojcN4hDI5jqykLLuVojhly7b1nn3PbxAhSIkvvuXZT_5y2a_HDxPuDBjZNnoF12Lk9XORH9rEGug1Inf8Te1Oiim_mnIoO1Bvzs5Fynd_iV-nXjVY-bu6bio/s320/alloripitti1589a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="line-height: 200%;"> A closer inspection of the fresco reveals three women
wearing what appears to be tie on pockets.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Q9tZfqfp_FjFbI7FhZZwRc2DvMGVdTHncuBaI5B8w6lVBWQKQ6RVJFmXRBO3H1OjbrT8N7yqMKru3SEr2IR7W9YOmS0vssinp2-MEb1BPkf0kr2bkLXr8a2YDYxVF8hm-eAfiFvnZWNS/s1600/alloripitti1589d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Q9tZfqfp_FjFbI7FhZZwRc2DvMGVdTHncuBaI5B8w6lVBWQKQ6RVJFmXRBO3H1OjbrT8N7yqMKru3SEr2IR7W9YOmS0vssinp2-MEb1BPkf0kr2bkLXr8a2YDYxVF8hm-eAfiFvnZWNS/s200/alloripitti1589d.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SEV0YcIHgd_qJu_GI4rlHSBZT3wajBI5O0GC2v3vOk0-R9fT02ICLzEGCQawbOnhSHfHzwU5qIUr7x5JLryC5Vm7UmTPMniUUtA9NBew7hjgrmcxelZlX7kQumPEfChdid8IimTbG-B_/s1600/alloripitti1589g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SEV0YcIHgd_qJu_GI4rlHSBZT3wajBI5O0GC2v3vOk0-R9fT02ICLzEGCQawbOnhSHfHzwU5qIUr7x5JLryC5Vm7UmTPMniUUtA9NBew7hjgrmcxelZlX7kQumPEfChdid8IimTbG-B_/s200/alloripitti1589g.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4fAL2DfLlqFZcgKYJhQA5vP0GQE0i1GdxFxPWLiaUgX_ll6DN6xn6gg-ZwWJjcOrhemRfnb_KjhL7QxmNt6Fk_Aiy0dIWJ3hbhoPgbteIQBFVpDfNyalLFWLutcG_TYZOHoadhL6BMzDr/s800/alloripitti1589b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4fAL2DfLlqFZcgKYJhQA5vP0GQE0i1GdxFxPWLiaUgX_ll6DN6xn6gg-ZwWJjcOrhemRfnb_KjhL7QxmNt6Fk_Aiy0dIWJ3hbhoPgbteIQBFVpDfNyalLFWLutcG_TYZOHoadhL6BMzDr/s200/alloripitti1589b.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Q9tZfqfp_FjFbI7FhZZwRc2DvMGVdTHncuBaI5B8w6lVBWQKQ6RVJFmXRBO3H1OjbrT8N7yqMKru3SEr2IR7W9YOmS0vssinp2-MEb1BPkf0kr2bkLXr8a2YDYxVF8hm-eAfiFvnZWNS/s800/alloripitti1589d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS41EG_xU1eDbIOXSokwSbXmGtEvpkX5yzw7dmak4Kr1Bf7vqwwRpoJmwotWaI81KtrjkebSaFOOfxEelM_EnSRaN-JUaMTlmwDeEpYgqIc4rFl-0Mu3VtbyoTXd1u0U9dg7ZaO_gN2mJB/s800/allori.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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More paintings resulted in more examples:<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS41EG_xU1eDbIOXSokwSbXmGtEvpkX5yzw7dmak4Kr1Bf7vqwwRpoJmwotWaI81KtrjkebSaFOOfxEelM_EnSRaN-JUaMTlmwDeEpYgqIc4rFl-0Mu3VtbyoTXd1u0U9dg7ZaO_gN2mJB/s1600/allori.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS41EG_xU1eDbIOXSokwSbXmGtEvpkX5yzw7dmak4Kr1Bf7vqwwRpoJmwotWaI81KtrjkebSaFOOfxEelM_EnSRaN-JUaMTlmwDeEpYgqIc4rFl-0Mu3VtbyoTXd1u0U9dg7ZaO_gN2mJB/s320/allori.jpg" width="204" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCj1KfBJL0SmI6GdBENf18F39IdXv9h5SWxFz1sEvd6tV_6Z1qLdZxllzFwwyG4wcRmsLFWFH99KN23uR84L2pm13rCBwH-QIS4GQxApItH0UVVGYVTCK-k52t_3ggsnmyoVZjDlTxv8GR/s799/allori+close.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCj1KfBJL0SmI6GdBENf18F39IdXv9h5SWxFz1sEvd6tV_6Z1qLdZxllzFwwyG4wcRmsLFWFH99KN23uR84L2pm13rCBwH-QIS4GQxApItH0UVVGYVTCK-k52t_3ggsnmyoVZjDlTxv8GR/s320/allori+close.jpg" width="214" /></a></div>
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<i>"Woman
at her toilet"</i>,
1575-78, Alessandro Allori<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAYFO31_e9DY8KS1XrVdg_Y6tZ3t8xHyA9M6R4f4gZba83_jx5Om4plplyM2VXVA7cwqJVLt93sZo70bOom8X_o2EokhW9jOXXNzGaVkuTFaMiarChUu7DMvoNegZq_hLypUq8JTGpE8iJ/s488/virgin+close.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAYFO31_e9DY8KS1XrVdg_Y6tZ3t8xHyA9M6R4f4gZba83_jx5Om4plplyM2VXVA7cwqJVLt93sZo70bOom8X_o2EokhW9jOXXNzGaVkuTFaMiarChUu7DMvoNegZq_hLypUq8JTGpE8iJ/s320/virgin+close.jpg" width="161" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8rMvDUZ82pPSA0GXXbrjhPK_k-xh3CyclBr2BnHTmEjm46z8TVi6dnz7jAvs6kSPvD7YUuyApLSPJWoWAiOnwJk1OvmZkV3QGqkRjrrkNSsOyRNjOCb0nJKop4K43TvVX8xbx18YqYDn8/s950/vigin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8rMvDUZ82pPSA0GXXbrjhPK_k-xh3CyclBr2BnHTmEjm46z8TVi6dnz7jAvs6kSPvD7YUuyApLSPJWoWAiOnwJk1OvmZkV3QGqkRjrrkNSsOyRNjOCb0nJKop4K43TvVX8xbx18YqYDn8/s320/vigin.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><br /></i>
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<i><br /></i>
<i>Birth
of the Virgin </i>by
Alessandro Allori, 1595 <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQUFKPI-J6vWvpuu26LNBQlOKeD6yeXURk2phNVGDAvQKjI2K_ZMiWnSeHc9-tq2TI-RanywChLAE4oBa6o19AipaER_wg2T4K8J336eD_p35cxyzz7NTz7z7lEy13lwSKBsAa0D7fUCQ/s1600/sala.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQUFKPI-J6vWvpuu26LNBQlOKeD6yeXURk2phNVGDAvQKjI2K_ZMiWnSeHc9-tq2TI-RanywChLAE4oBa6o19AipaER_wg2T4K8J336eD_p35cxyzz7NTz7z7lEy13lwSKBsAa0D7fUCQ/s320/sala.jpg" width="271" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16DLjBX2-SsoutgGsiE_1s7NnfirCrosSVJ27c-jPyqdXLyZFnq2OAMzlIqfk23_wPtj5jCrLyAXFaDTyhEYUMbUWyv2LY22PgRjHMUDh7ZGh6DAYDx93fKCPF9VRdncKqg9FAUEcC4_k/s799/sala+close.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16DLjBX2-SsoutgGsiE_1s7NnfirCrosSVJ27c-jPyqdXLyZFnq2OAMzlIqfk23_wPtj5jCrLyAXFaDTyhEYUMbUWyv2LY22PgRjHMUDh7ZGh6DAYDx93fKCPF9VRdncKqg9FAUEcC4_k/s320/sala+close.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
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<i>Sala
di Penelope"</i>,
1561-62, Giovanni Stradano</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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It seems that these would be
worn outside their clothes similar to a pouch when in informal situations. I
did find a passage mentioning wearing a pocket under the skirt when wearing
finer clothes “from the side openings of the skirt, corresponding to those of
the bodice, it was possible to access the inside pockets, such as that found
among the folds of the funeral dress.” (Orsi & Niccoli, 2005)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPDds1RGPQ0uJGo5rrm_Z90PFukmlb1w1rY2jVGc8n1gqrk-k7y2DpwLAuN0lx0UgL9XMRcFCUVnPfPg31KHB1ooX9dYFoXbp_ishuktQZwhCbH34Vpw_ECf4-arV4EKS7ob4SQx_Q4o6/s800/elenora.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPDds1RGPQ0uJGo5rrm_Z90PFukmlb1w1rY2jVGc8n1gqrk-k7y2DpwLAuN0lx0UgL9XMRcFCUVnPfPg31KHB1ooX9dYFoXbp_ishuktQZwhCbH34Vpw_ECf4-arV4EKS7ob4SQx_Q4o6/s320/elenora.jpg" width="248" /></a></div>
The pocket in Eleonora di Toledo's funeral dress skirt, 1562
(Palazzo Pitti, Florence)<span class="apple-converted-space">, made of silk
taffeta</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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With these examples in mind I
set off to create my own.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Creation:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
Pocket 1:<br />
<div style="text-indent: 0px;">
<span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Because of its unusual
nature, having buttons, I thought of giving the stripped pocket from </span><i style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">The
Maiden's Quarter</i><span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> by Alessandro Allori dated 1588 a try.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4fAL2DfLlqFZcgKYJhQA5vP0GQE0i1GdxFxPWLiaUgX_ll6DN6xn6gg-ZwWJjcOrhemRfnb_KjhL7QxmNt6Fk_Aiy0dIWJ3hbhoPgbteIQBFVpDfNyalLFWLutcG_TYZOHoadhL6BMzDr/s200/alloripitti1589b.jpg" style="line-height: 200%;" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTMoGppvRgmivE6GIIelfSnJBmq5GIeTd1sqUhyytYpz0iV3uZ89g6LWo1t2R7tZSHlsQxP14HbGF1ejswKTowfep0DeWmy7Bsgt7JriwGZBgVEpbOUxxtLqez-6LMTACgnFYKHDzQtdz/s88/allori+closered.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTMoGppvRgmivE6GIIelfSnJBmq5GIeTd1sqUhyytYpz0iV3uZ89g6LWo1t2R7tZSHlsQxP14HbGF1ejswKTowfep0DeWmy7Bsgt7JriwGZBgVEpbOUxxtLqez-6LMTACgnFYKHDzQtdz/s88/allori+closered.png" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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As the only extant pockets I
could find from within our period of study was made of silk satin or silk
taffeta I thought silk would be a good fabric choice to begin with. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Silk was
available and used for clothing within Italy. “The Por Santa Maria guild of
Florence, which later came to be known as the Arte della Setta, was a
multi-tiered guild. Originally established for the benefit of merchants who
sold luxury silk goods, it was later dominated by the producers of silk fabrics,
and regulated most activities associated with the production and sale of silk
textiles. “(Frick, 2005) Several extant items of clothing from Italy are made
from silk and linen. ("The Workbox - The Realm of Venus", n.d. ).<o:p></o:p></div>
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I found a
lovely silk with gold stripes woven into the fabric. It was appropriate for an
approximate look of my original and fit within my budget.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmXB5kw_wAGrohz2xEl_gwUutSA4ZhHMBJ6E9N5Ts7yO8jExB5G-lB0XdFQHYogcOK-AVvpa3wwKtfO-Pmj_MsT9mjpLsxvnGdDqmcy85-mfysPKTtQ2RdSLiV-p66DFUb2sLFpWVDFUi/s800/674_815.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmXB5kw_wAGrohz2xEl_gwUutSA4ZhHMBJ6E9N5Ts7yO8jExB5G-lB0XdFQHYogcOK-AVvpa3wwKtfO-Pmj_MsT9mjpLsxvnGdDqmcy85-mfysPKTtQ2RdSLiV-p66DFUb2sLFpWVDFUi/s320/674_815.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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As it is difficult to identify
what material the buttons are made of I choose to make a pair of thread wrapped
buttons based on the extant buttons shown on garments from Patterns of Fashion
by Janet Arnold. Such buttons
were used on several garments; including the burial suit of Cosimo I de’Medici.
Many of the buttons are
discribed as “silk wrapped around a wooden core.”<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Arnold,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1985)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia0PnX9obBPMg0CU_GI9wzl7ll8xfT-QSdni4bU6QdzJzLLmVU_3FGRu6obrZIGo1VpBKOyHwwXFaeXCUJ6CGnFA4O3k5MCx0ONWkN-vUQA6p1EnnNhgl8cwfCumuWxF-wwXFv96lvXMNL/s722/ubletbutton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia0PnX9obBPMg0CU_GI9wzl7ll8xfT-QSdni4bU6QdzJzLLmVU_3FGRu6obrZIGo1VpBKOyHwwXFaeXCUJ6CGnFA4O3k5MCx0ONWkN-vUQA6p1EnnNhgl8cwfCumuWxF-wwXFv96lvXMNL/s200/ubletbutton.jpg" width="144" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifJZ4BcKWlvTkjYOQspko2kauDTdf3fpKwQZkpuTis0MrN-1X2NiPiakr8O982AS1vp_nyx-WkERLj_r7_-aGw9RVLETipubA-6qi8CPQbmkA-YXeHViXEM1-1N0zADI-MPThdT4eME3g/s1600/button.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifJZ4BcKWlvTkjYOQspko2kauDTdf3fpKwQZkpuTis0MrN-1X2NiPiakr8O982AS1vp_nyx-WkERLj_r7_-aGw9RVLETipubA-6qi8CPQbmkA-YXeHViXEM1-1N0zADI-MPThdT4eME3g/s200/button.jpg" width="138" /></a></div>
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Close up of button from Pattern of
Fashion and the Doublet of Cosimo I de’Medici<o:p></o:p></div>
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My buttons<o:p></o:p></div>
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I used 12mm round wooden beads as my
wooden core, I then used some burgundy thread I had on hand, as I was trying to
keep this on a budget. I first wrapped five horizantal “spines” on each button
then wove my thread verticaly across the bead and around the spine until the
bead is covered. Inspired by the button
from Janet Arnold’s Patterns of Fashion (picture above) I used some gold metal
thread to create non-woven sections echoing the look of the inspiration button.<o:p></o:p></div>
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To create the pocket itself I used a
close up of the pocket from <i>"Woman at her toilet"</i>, by Alessandro Allori (page 4).
I blew up the close up until it was close to my proprotions, length just short
of the distance from my waist to a chair when sitting, as seen in the painting.
I then cut out my pattern and began assembly of the pocket. I first stitched
the front and lining of the opening then stitched the body of the pockets.
After contacting the Museo del Traje which is home to one of the only existing
pockets from the 16<sup>th</sup> century (page 1) I was told their pocket did
have a lining of silk satin. I can’t say if it was common to line pockets or
not as there really is no record to look at. I decided to line my pocket, like
the existing pocket. I did this so the seams would be encased and protected as
well as to prevent snagging of the seams with any objects I might keep in the
pocket.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space">It’s difficult to see how the pockets were worn. The Spanish
pocket is missing a string attached to it or some way to attach it to an apron.
The Toledo pocket is hastily sewn to the inside of the bodice. From the
portraits I looked at in my examples there are many worn with an apron and
could possibly be somehow attached to the apron strings. There is one woman in </span><i>The Maiden's Quarter</i> who
is brushing her hair who is not wearing an apron. Looking at 18<sup>th</sup>
century examples, while out of our period of study there are a large number of
surviving pockets from this period, show a large number attached to their own
strings or with a casing to lace a string through. <span class="apple-converted-space"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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References<o:p></o:p></div>
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Arnold, J. (1985). <i>Patterns of fashion: The cut and construction
of clothes for men and women, c1560-1620</i>. London: Macmillan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Frick, C. C. (2005). <i>Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families,
fortunes, and fine clothing</i>. London: Johns Hopkins University Press.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Orsi, L. R., & Niccoli, B. (2005). <i>Moda a Firenze,
1540-1580: Lo stile di Eleonora di Toledo e la sua influenza</i>. Firenze:
Pagliai Polistampa.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Workbox - The Realm of Venus. (n.d.). <i>The Realm Of Venus -
Fashion and Style in Renaissance Italy</i>. Retrieved from
http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/workbox/workbox.htm<o:p></o:p></div>
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sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-80933695625049295132013-07-01T21:18:00.002-07:002013-07-01T21:18:41.578-07:00Contrasting the Venetian Noblewoman to the Venetian Courtesan of the 16th century<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="text">THL Madgalena Lucia Ramberti (Christa Gordon © 2009)<br />August 24, 2009</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /><span class="TITLE" style="font-family: Arial, San-serif;"><img align="right" height="150" hspace="5" src="http://chateauflammel.org/art/magdaARMS.gif" vspace="5" width="128" /></span> “The eccentric Englishman, Thomas Coryat, exclaimed with astonishment that there were as many as twenty thousand courtesans in Venice in 1608” (Rosenthal, 1992, p. 11). The word courtesan is taken from the term courtier; both the courtier and the courtesan sought political and social advancement within the feudal system during the renaissance. Courtesans offered social and intellectual refinement in return for patronage, very much in the same manner as the geisha before world war II in Japan. The courtesan fulfilled societies need for a refined yet sexualized version of the noblewoman. “Sought after by certain foreign travelers to Venice for her cultivation and sensual elegance, she was one of the city's famous attractions” (Rosenthal, 1992, p. 73).<br /><br /> Imagine you are a male tourist in 16th century Venice; you have traveled here for business or a pilgrimage, and you have high hopes of seeing one of the honest courtesans Venice is so well known for. As you walk the canals you come upon a woman; she is lavishly dressed , obviously a woman of money. Since courtesans dressed in a similar manner to a noblewoman, how would you know if this woman was a courtesan or the doge's wife? The difference between the noblewoman and courtesan of the 16th century were not often easy to spot with the eyes. Unless the courtesan was openly advertising her presence, which could be very dangerous as they were often a target of violence, she would look like a noblewoman. “ As a result, because of the way they dress, courtsans and <i>donne di partito</i> very much resemble married women; they wear rings on their fingers like married women and therefore anyone who is not more than aware can be deceived....The train of their dress is very long; indeed at times some of these courtesans dress like widows and look very much like Venetian noblewomen to those who are not familiar with their condition” (Rosenthal, 1992, p. 70). The differences between the noblewoman and courtesan could be very subtle, but were more clearly defined in the areas of education, and social advancement.<br /><br /> Levels of education were vastly different between the noblewoman and the courtesan. In the 16th century it was rare for a noblewoman to be educated beyond the basics. “Their education consisted of elementary reading and writing in the vernacular, rudimentary arithmetic, and also handiwork, such as embroidery and weaving” (Rosenthal, 1992, p. 84). It was believed that Woman’s voice lead to sexual temptation; eloquence in a woman lead to promiscuity. This belief most likely had ties to the first temptation of Adam in Eden. Whereas a courtesan had to be educated in playing music, singing, writing poetry, all the courtly graces, dancing, chess playing, current events, the classics and witty banter. Libraries were closed to women as a whole but courtesans were seen as intellects and were granted access.<br /><br /> The noblewoman had no power over her own social advancement, whereas the courtesan had more freedom. Before a noblewoman married, her life and money were governed by her father or brothers. Once married, all her property transferred to her husband. “Women possessed virtually no political power of their own, owing to an oligarchy dominated by men, and the laws passed by men reveal not only a class bias but a special arrogance towards women” (Rosenthal, 1992, p. 15). During the renaissance, a person was born and died in the same social class, there was very little movement nor was such movement expected. Courtesans were able to rise from the lower middle classes up into the aristocracy. The Courtesan made enough money to advance her class status and because she was outside of the bonds of marriage she could manage her own money. In response sumptuary laws were passed in attempts to recreate the social boundaries. Such laws were easily overcome as they were often not enforced.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> While the noblewoman did lead the rich life of the upper crust, it is the ability to be so educated and being able to move within the class structure which makes the courtesan a fascinating subject. There is much a modern woman can learn from the women of the past. Whereas the noblewoman was the glue that held her household together; the courtesan was truly the first feminist voice in a male dominated society.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="SUBtrail" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;">References</span><br />Rosenthal, M, (1992) <i>The Honest Courtesan.</i> Chicago: The University of Chicago.</span></div>
sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-89842087216106818712013-07-01T21:11:00.002-07:002013-07-01T21:17:39.412-07:00What is a Courtesan? (handout in progress)<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.5px;">
<span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span>What is a Courtesan?</div>
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Courtesans were not looked at as women nor were they as valued as men, instead they found themselves in a grouping of their own. Within the male dominated society of 16th century Venice courtesans were able to move outside the confines of the believed place reserved for women. “The use of the term cortigiana (courtesan) confirms the recognition of a new category of public women. Strictly speaking, of course, it simply means court lady- the female counterpart of cortigiano or courtier.” (Brown, 2004)</div>
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Courtesans, came into being because of many social, political and religious influences. Italy proved to be the perfect breeding ground for their creation. The separate governing bodies, the lack of an overall monarch and the melting pot of cultures caused by trade opened the doors for this new class of women. Venice, being my main focus of study, had all of these factors and more. The dowry wars had grown to such an extreme that the price to be married became outrageous and out of reach for many middle and lower middle class women. Without marriage, income was limited, status difficult to come by and some women learned to use their minds and bodies for financial gain.</div>
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Yes, this sounds exactly like prostitution “the act or practice of engaging in sexual intercourse for money.” (Prostitution, 2012) Yet it was more then just sex, while it might be a tool in their toolbox it wasn't always a part of a working relationship. Courtesans offered social and intellectual refinement in return for patronage, very much in the same manner as the geisha before World War II in Japan. The courtesan fulfilled societies need for a refined yet sexualized version of the noblewoman. Like her male counterpart the courtier, a courtesan had to be educated in playing music, singing, writing poetry, all the courtly graces, dancing, chess playing, current events, the classics and witty banter. This education and the fact she was also paid for these skills separate her from the lower classes of prostitutes. From the lowest class, the meretrice, picture a streetwalker type, to the cortigiana di lume (courtesan of the lamp) who worked in inn houses and brothels. Both solely dependent on selling sexual favors for their income. The cortigiana onesta (honest courtesan or honored courtesan) sold her intellectual and literary skills thus earned her income “honestly”. Cortigiana onesta never really dismiss the sexual aspects of their profession but it is far from the focus of it.</div>
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In same vein they were not classified as noblewomen, it was rare for a noblewoman to be educated beyond the basics. Rosenthal (1992) says of noblewomen, “Their education consisted of elementary reading and writing in the vernacular, rudimentary arithmetic, and also handiwork, such as embroidery and weaving.” For noblewomen it was also believed that “Woman’s voice lead to sexual temptation; eloquence in a woman lead to promiscuity.” (Masson, 1975) This belief most likely had ties to the first temptation of Adam in Eden, thus creating a society that felt the need to protect it's noblewomen from further education and sheltering them form perceived threats of corruption from outsiders. Libraries were closed to women as a whole but courtesans were seen as intellects and were granted access. Courtesans were able to afford many luxuries and dressed accordingly.</div>
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sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-88524165219684418322013-07-01T20:58:00.002-07:002013-07-01T21:13:34.614-07:00Courtesan Peek<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.5px;">So how would a courtesan advertise themselves? Often it came down to subtle signals and word of mouth. While it would be logical to think they would wear taller chopines, have longer trains or more lavish dress, this was not always reliable as Noblewomen tried to draw the eye in the same manner. The only sign I can trace is a move I have coined as the “courtesan peek”. Women when outdoors often wore veils that covered their faces, thus giving them protection not only from the sun but also gave them anonymity thus protecting them from them tempting influences. Yet we see time and time again drawings showing some women lifting and peaking out from under their veils. How provocative this might have been for a gentleman on the street, a touch forbidden, all the while revealing herself to be a courtesan in a subtle manner.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">de Heer, Courtesan and widow</span><br />
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<img alt="Album Amicorum of a German Soldier" src="http://media-cache-ak2.pinimg.com/736x/3e/66/47/3e6647b233038fd5f38c89eaba0f98d4.jpg" /><br />
<span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #171717; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">Album Amicorum of a German Soldier</span><br />
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<img alt="De gli Habiti antichi et moderni di Diverse Parti del Mondo' Cesare Vecellio- Venetian courtesan outdoors" src="http://media-cache-ak3.pinimg.com/736x/f8/0a/6c/f80a6c6bb783cf1856907b8219819833.jpg" /><br />
<span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #171717; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">De gli Habiti antichi et moderni di Diverse Parti del Mondo' Cesare Vecellio- Venetian courtesan outdoors</span><br />
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<img alt="Venetian courtesan in 'Mores Italiae'" src="http://media-cache-ec3.pinimg.com/736x/fe/be/d0/febed0b4e3d1c087458f133453e921ba.jpg" /><br />
<span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #171717; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">Venetian courtesan in 'Mores Italiae'</span><br />
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<img alt="Pauwels Franck (Paolo Fiammingo) Venetian Women Location Unknown ca. 1595" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/f1/27/ca/f127ca5bde48514b6965bec9b12e1cba.jpg" /><br />
<span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #171717; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">Pauwels Franck (Paolo Fiammingo) Venetian Women Location Unknown </span><span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #171717; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">ca. 1595</span>sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1286275948237816423.post-39576496674557374792013-07-01T20:41:00.000-07:002013-07-01T20:41:09.994-07:00First postWelcome to my blog, my plan is to use this area to dump my research, class handouts and anything else I find. Welcome!!sewmadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00093734131538746383noreply@blogger.com0